Philodendron sagittifolium is a member of Philodendron section Calostigma subsection Macrobelium series Macrobelium.  The species was published to science in Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn in 1849.   P. sagittifolium is the basionym (base name) for numerous synonyms of the species and is currently the accepted scientific name.  The species is highly variable and takes on many leaf shapes as can be seen by the list of synonym species above, it is known by a large variety of now incorrect names.  The species is common in Central America.

Philodendron sagittifolium is normally a hemiepiphytic climbing vine and is rarely terrestrial or epilithic.  A hemiepiphyte is a plant that can begin life from a seed on the ground but also as a seed placed by a bird on the branch of a tree in its droppings (an epiphyte).  An epilithic species is one capable of growing attached to stone. The plant is an appressed climber growing quite close to the host tree with internodes that are terete (round) and roots that are a reddish brown. The leaf blades may be ovate to triangularly ovate (triangular to slightly oval) and are semi-glossy as well as moderately coriaceous. The botanical term coriaceous simply means "leather like". Those blades may also be weakly to moderately bicolorous which indicates the leaf blade is not always a single color. The sinus of the leaf, which is the area between the upper leaf lobes is "V" shaped but the lobes may almost close together.

In 1997 a friend brought me a "house plant" taken from a private botanical park which had been destroyed.  I had personally seen the parent of the plant inside that park and recalled reading the name posted on a plaque but could not recall that name.  That visit was prior to 1992.  It was definitely a Philodendron, but my friend knew little else about the plant species.  My friend was a grounds keeper for Metro-Dade County in Miami, FL and had been placed in charge of the abandoned property that was formerly Orchid Jungle Park.  Orchid Jungle was at one time a magnificent place to wander through a "rain forest" and see rare and exotic plants as well as hundreds upon hundreds of blooming orchids.  The place was so much a jungle it even had monkeys running loose in the trees!  That park had been operated by botanists as a private enterprise and the owners had made a great effort to correctly identify their species.

Orchid Jungle was devastated by Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and it's buildings and most of it's plants were literally blown away.  This cutting was a survivor of Andrew's wrath and I later secured permission to "rescue" anything possible from the property.  Shortly afterwards, the entire property was leveled by bulldozers. 

The plant was slow to grow when first planted but soon began to climb a tree on our property in the southern part of Miami.  But as much as I tried, I could not find out what the proper scientific name was for the species.  When we began to prepare to move to Northwest Arkansas I elected to leave the plant but took another cutting.   That cutting was planted on the south side of the center post of our Exotic Rainforest and did it begin to grow!  In 3 years it's leaves hit their current maximum size of approximately 70cm (28 inches) and it has shot up the post to a height of 300cm (10 feet).   Today in 2008 the plant has climbed to a height of almost 17 feet!  But I until recently I still did not know it's name despite having given cuttings to a number of botanist and plant collector friends in an attempt to get a proper ID. 

Finally, in the Spring of 2005, I acquired several Philodendron species from Central America, and one soon revealed itself to apparently be this same plant.  The grower had identified it as "Philodendron mandaianum".  I later learned the name Philodendron mandaianum was a creation of a book often used by tropical plant collectors by A. B. Graf known as Tropica.  The name has never been published as a scientific name.  That book is unfortunately filled with botanical errors and the current publishers seem to refuse to update the bad information contained within the text.  Mr. Graf did a service to collectors by publishing his text many years ago, however Mr. Graf was not a botanist and was simply a plant collector.  It is unfortunate, but many disagreements regarding the names of plant species arise on the internet all the time as a result of errors published within that text.   Botanists often point out non-scientific names that can be found in that text in error.  Although a wonderful "picture guide", no "scientific name" in that text should be relied on without verifying it in a scientific source.  There is a companion book known as Exotica that is also filled with the same errors.

During the summer of 2005 my parent plant finally produced a very short lived inflorescence (bloom), a lovely large spathe with a red center.  A photo of that inflorescence along with a photo of the plant was sent back to Central America where it  was identified by the grower as "Philodendron mandaianum".  So after 8 years of wondering what this plant that survived the anger of one of the country's worst hurricanes really was, I finally thought I knew what I was growing.  But that "discovery" was only to be short lived. 

In May of 2006 I began to receive email regarding this plant from a knowledgeable grower in Central Florida.  The grower/collector was Russ Hammer.  He didn't question my identification but he did bring some news to my attention which made me begin to question that identification.   So I finally turned to one of the best botanists in the country, Dr. Tom Croat of the Missouri Botanical Garden, for a clarification.  Guess what?  The Central American grower had his plant misidentified as do likely hundreds of growers as a result of one of Mr. Graf's books.  Dr. Croat pointed out that "Philodendron mandaianum" was not a published, or recognized scientific name!  He called it simply a "made-up" name.  That name does appear in some collector's texts but only as a hybrid Philodendron.   The name does not appear on a single scientific database!  But Dr. Croat did offer an expert opinion of the actual name of the plant based solely on a photo of the leaf blade:  Philodendron smithii Engler.   The problem was, I failed to show Dr. Croat a photo of the spathe and spadix, only the leaf blade.  That was a major error on my part since the species is highly variable. 

Philodendron sagittifolium normally grows as a hemiepiphytic Philodendron sp.  In that case, the specimen will eventually grow long roots extending all the way to the soil.  This species is not found to grow on the ground and if so, only rarely.  The petioles range from an average of 20 to 65cm (9 inches to 26 niches) in length but have been observed at over 90cm (3 feet) long. 

Philodendron sagittifolium is often very difficult to place a positive identification upon.  As is evidenced by all the names botanists have attempted to give the species, it is has many shapes and forms.  Many people have difficulty understanding the concept of variableness in plants.  The expectation is all leaf blades must look alike.  Simply put, think of all your friends.  I'd guess you have friends with all sorts of body sizes and shapes.  You likely know people with many skin colors as well.  But all are a single species, Homo sapiens.  Human beings.  Plants can often be the same way.  Leaves within a species do not always look exactly alike!

Within many species you'll find leaf blades that are "fatter" than others, or "taller" than others, or perhaps, even "shorter" or "skinnier" than others.  That is exactly what complicates giving a positive identification to this species.  

The inflorescences of Philodendron sagittifolium are erect and the plant can produce one or more inflorescences per axil.  However, the color of the spathe may be variable and may not match the photo on this page exactly.  The peduncle, which is the plant structure that supports the spathe, normally measures 4 to 5cm long (1.5 to 2 inches).  The spathe is somewhat flattened and green, but is often tinged with red on the inside.  The spathe normally measures 8 to 22cm (3.2 to 8.7 inches) in length.  But even the spathe can be variable.  We have observed the spathe to be narrow at the center but that does not always occur.  We have also observed tubular spathes on the same plant.

Philodendron sagittifolium can produce an inflorescence almost any time of the year, but normally after the beginning of the dry season and continuing throughout most of the rainy season.  We typically see the spathe and spadix in our artificial rain forest in May and June of each year.  In nature, there is a slight shift based on geography with "flowering" beginning about one month earlier in Mexico and Guatemala (late winter) but less frequently in September and October.  Inflorescence production continues longer in Panama and is seen in February through September and has rarely been observed in December. The fruits take approximately two months to mature.  However, in our atrium, we do not have any natural pollinators (beetles) present to service this species so we have never observed the development of fruit.